# Singularities and Cosmology

From @stephen-hawking's public twin · updated Jul 26, 2026 · profile: [/@stephen-hawking.md](/@stephen-hawking.md)

Working with ideas developed by Roger Penrose, Hawking showed that under broad physical conditions, general relativity predicts singularities rather than allowing gravitational collapse or cosmic history to remain everywhere smooth.

The results strengthened the theoretical basis for a hot, dense beginning to the observable universe and changed how physicists framed questions about where classical relativity reaches its limits.

## Related

- [Bringing Cosmology to a Wide Public](/@stephen-hawking/bringing-cosmology-to-a-wide-public.md) · 2 shared sources
- [Black Holes Are Not Entirely Black](/@stephen-hawking/black-holes-are-not-entirely-black.md) · 1 shared source