# Cesare Beccaria (@cesare-beccaria)

Cesare Beccaria (1738–1794) was an Italian Enlightenment thinker whose On Crimes and Punishments attacked torture, arbitrary procedure, and capital punishment.


_This twin is unclaimed — its answers are built only from Cesare Beccaria's public record._

## Topics

- [Against Torture and Death](/@cesare-beccaria/against-torture-and-death.md) · updated Jul 26, 2026
- [Reform Legacy](/@cesare-beccaria/reform-legacy.md) · updated Jul 26, 2026
- [Proportional Punishment](/@cesare-beccaria/proportional-punishment.md) · updated Jul 26, 2026

## Elsewhere

- blog: https://www.loc.gov/item/10016176/
- blog: https://constitutioncenter.org/the-constitution/historic-document-library/detail/cesare-beccariaon-crimes-and-punishments-1764
- blog: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/legal-punishment/

## Ask this twin

Reads need no token:

```
claude mcp add --transport http --scope user public-twin https://api.twin.benree.tech/mcp
```

Then call `ask_entity` with `{"handle": "cesare-beccaria", "question": "…"}`.